Kant philosophy Essay Example for Free

Kant philosophy Essay For this case, I will be using Kantian ethics to pinpoint the rationally correct action to take. Before discussing Kantian ethics in relation to the case, we must first explore what Kantian ethics is. Kantian ethics comes from the deontological school of thought, which focuses on the moral correctness of the act in itself (Johnson, 2013). This means that the judgment on the act is done a priori. This is contrasted to the consequentialist school of thought, which focuses on the results of an act as the factor that would qualify the rightness or wrongness of an action (Sinnott-Armstrong, 2012). A consequentialist would make a judgment on an act a posteriori. Kant utilized a concept called the Categorical Imperative, which states that that which is moral is that which is rational (Johnson, 2013). Therefore, a moral act is one that follows from a rational agent. An immoral act, as it follows, is that which is irrational (Johnson, 2013). Another significant factor to consider in Kantian ethics is that the most important value that they seek to preserve is autonomy. Contrasted to a Utilitarian, a Kantian would promote autonomy rather than happiness. The Categorical Imperative contains three main elements. One element of the Categorical Imperative is the formula of universalizable maxims. The formula of universalizable maxims states that a right action is that which can be universalizable (Johnson, 2013). The question here would be: would an action be acceptable if everyone did it? To test this, a person would need to imagine a twin world wherein that action is the norm for everyone. Then that person would need to see if such a world is conceivable and rational. Another important factor for this experiment would be to see if the universalized act would inhibit other people’s freedom. If the universalized act or maxim doesn’t infringe on other’s freedom then this act is acceptable (Johnson, 2013). Another element under the Categorical Imperative is the Humanity Formula. This concept states that humanity is a means in itself and should never be treated merely as a means to an end (Johnson, 2013). This means that each human being must be respected because he or she has his or her own inherent autonomy and dignity (Johnson, 2013). This formula stipulates that a person may not be manipulated by another as a means to achieve a particular goal. Realistically, though, you cannot help but use people as means to an end (Johnson, 2013). This happens everyday, for example, when we use shop clerks to purchase food. In this example, we are using the shop clerks as a means to get the ends, which is food. The reason as to why this particular case of using a person as a means to an end is acceptable is because of the idea of consent. A shop clerk has freely chosen to pursue his or her own line of work and this entails being a means through which people can purchase food. Thus, the shop clerk consents to being a means to this particular end. The third element under the Categorical Imperative is the Kingdom of Ends Formula. This formulation states that an agent exists in a community that is made up of equally rational agents who have just as much say in the maxims that become universalized (Johnson, 2013). The universalized maxims become the law and every agent in this community agrees to conform his or her actions to the law. B. DISCUSSION OF CASE For this particular case, we are dealing with the maxim of taking cognitive enhancing drugs to increase productivity output. If we were to test this particular maxim using the formula of universalizability, we would have to imagine a world wherein every person would do this particular action. In this world, everyone would use cognitive enhancing drugs to meet deadlines or to finish their work faster. In the face of stress, instead of overcoming the obstacle through the person’s own hard work and will, he would only merely need to pop a pill. As mentioned in the case, this kind of accepted behavior could create a new kind of neuro-society. This new neuro-society would be filled with people popping pills like Adderall or Ritalin to focus on their work on hand. There is essentially nothing wrong with increasing the ability of a person to focus on a particular task. The downside of this kind of society would be that it would become a society of drug dependency. Designer drugs like the ones previously mentioned would act as a quick fix for people. Instead of relying on their own wills and capacities, people would be relying merely on the drug to be able to produce an output. This dependency goes against the value the Kantian holds above everything else: autonomy. By allowing a drug-dependent society to prosper, we would be limiting our own freedom by slowly becoming more dependent on drugs. In this world where using cognitive enhancing drugs is the norm, imagine if the drug would suddenly be taken away. People would not know how to focus or get their work done without the drug. In the face of stress, people wouldn’t know how to act since they have lost the drug that previously did all the work for them. This is because they supplemented their own shortcomings with the drug instead of developing themselves into becoming fully functioning and autonomous adults who could deal with their problems. This maxim being universalized would stunt our own development and would, in turn, create an infantilized society. This thought experiment aims to show that the maxim of using cognitive enhancing drugs does not pass the test of universalizability. Secondly, in this world with this universalized maxim, the using of cognitive enhancing drugs may become a norm not only for college students or adults, but also for children. Children are vulnerable in the sense that their autonomy is still limited. Because a Kantian would uphold autonomy as the most important value, he or she would feel an obligation to protect vulnerable parties who have limited autonomy. In this world, there may be over-achieving parents who want their children to be competitive in the world of academics. If the using of cognitive enhancing drugs becomes the norm, then these kinds of parents might try to get their children to take these kinds of drugs to get ahead in their studies. A Kantian would see that the children must be protected from these kinds of actions since they cannot utilize their autonomy in the full capacity. Another point for this argument is that if children are put on cognitive enhancing drugs from an early age, then they will grow up never knowing what it is like to function without these drugs. Furthermore, they will become extremely dependent and they will never be able to realize their own full potential and capacity. This means that their autonomies will always be somewhat limited. Therefore, a world wherein cognitive enhancing drugs are the norm, not just for adults but also for children, must be avoided. Therefore, based on the twin world test, the use of cognitive enhancing drugs should not become a norm since it creates a dependent society and it creates an opportunity for vulnerable parties to remain vulnerable and never reach their full autonomies. Thirdly, another reason as to why this particular maxim would not be acceptable for a Kantian is because it goes against another element of the Categorical Imperative: the Human Formula. As previously stated, this formulation asserts that humans should not be used merely as means to an end. This formulation includes disallowing agents in using themselves as a means to an end (Manninen, 2006). The act of taking cognitive enhancing drugs reduces the person to merely a means to an end. Instead of respecting one’s own capacity to achieve one’s full potential, a person merely reduces himself to something akin to a machine that will produce output in the quickest way possible. Instead of the person using his or her own capacity in facing the challenge, the act of using a cognitive enhancing drug will circumvent the process of self-development and will skip the opportunity for personal growth. In this manner, the person will accomplish the short-term goal of churning out an output without actually developing his or her own talents. As noted in a journal article by Manninen (2006), when drugs are treated as a miracle solution to the stressful emotions an agent is feeling, this stops the agent from growing and overcoming the stress by himself or herself. This sacrifices an important aspect of being human: the capacity to engage in personal development. This stunts personal growth and, in turn, society is left with people who do not know how to deal with problems by themselves. Instead, they turn to using drugs as an emotional crutch. In conclusion, we see how a Kantian would view the maxim of using cognitive enhancing pills in response to stress or a heavy workload. Since the most important value for the Kantian is autonomy and the development of this, he or she would see this maxim as something that limits and stunts autonomy. Therefore, to make this maxim into a universalized law would be irrational. In my opinion, I think that Kantian ethics did pinpoint the morally correct response in this case. This is because the using of cognitive enhancing drugs would reduce the agent to a mere means. This is not morally correct since human beings are not mere means nor machines but rather rational agents who deserve respect and the chance to grow. References: Johnson, R. (2013). Kant’s Moral Philosophy. In E. Zalta (Ed. ), The stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. Retrieved from http://plato. stanford. edu/entries/kant-moral/ Manninen, B. A. (2006). Medicating the mind: A kantian analysis of overprescribing psychoactive drugs. Journal of medical ethics, 32(2), 100-105. Sinnott-Armstrong, W. (2012). Consequentialism. In E. Zalta (Ed. ), The stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. Retrieved from http://plato. stanford. edu/cgi-bin/encyclopedia/archinfo. cgi? entry=consequentialism.

Heart of Darkness :: essays research papers

The Horror of Man Joseph Conrad’s â€Å"Heart of Darkness† is a tale of two men who work for an ivory company in the heart of Africa. The two men, Marlow and Kurtz, come to see the horror that hides behind the trappings of civilization and every day life, the true darkness within all mankind. Characterization, symbolism, and tone are important in Joseph Conrad’s construction of the main idea behind the â€Å"Heart of Darkness†. The author uses those things and more to build up the main Idea behind the story and make it evident to the reader.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Both Marlow and Kurtz can be seen as the main character in the story and for the story to be effective as a whole both have to exist. The author develops the character of these two men simultaneously even though Marlow does not come in contact with Kurtz until towards the very end of the story. The author builds up the characteristics of Marlow and Kurtz throughout the story so the reader knows that these men are like most people in their thinking, the reader then can see that Marlow and Kurtz are normal respectable people. The story is seen through Marlow, but the focus throughought the story is upon Kurtz almost from the moment Marlow reaches the first station in Africa. Kurtz character really begins to take shape about the time Marlow reaches the central station, he becomes known as an â€Å"exceptional man, of the greatest importance†. The reader sees the ambition that drives the man through the words of others. Even after Kurtz’s death, when Marlow tells Kurtz’s fiancà © of his death he lies to her about him because the truth â€Å"would have been to dark- to dark altogether†(224). The reader can see that Marlow still thought highly of the man and his character though, Marlow just knew what lurked beneath the surface of this man. The reader see’s that see the Marlow himself as being a respected man â€Å"the worst that could be said of him was that he did not represent his class†¦Marlow was not the typical seaman†(165). Wherever Marlow went he heard of Kurtz and Marlow was excited to meet the man, it almost became his goal. This can be seen when Marlow has gotten the steamboat close to the camp that Kurtz was at and the natives attacked, the manager comments â€Å"And by the way, I suppose Mr.

Factors that affect talent planning Essay

1. Introduction This report aims to assesses factors that affects organisations’ approaches towards: attracting talent; recruitment and selection (including an investigatory approach to specific methods used); obtaining a diverse workforce; the process of induction (including a model of an effective induction plan). 2. Attracting Talent 2.1 Brand Identity â€Å"‘Brand Identity’: How a business wants a brand’s name, communication style, logo and other visual elements to be perceived by consumers.† (www.investopedia.com 07/10/14) An organisation with positive image will find it easier to attract and retain employees than the organisation with the negative image, this is due to the aspiration qualities associated with a positive image (i.e. wealth, style, charitable nature etc). A business who hasn’t been well established in its market will find it more difficult to attract new employees than business who is well know, because it’s perceived to be more economically stable. 2.2 Economic Environment The economic stability and funds available to expend on recruitment will have a direct impact on the quality of recruitment processes. One way in which this affects recruitment is effect on how and where the company advertises,  premium recruitment sites charge high fees (however, have very high foot-fall), which non-established or struggling companies would not be able to afford, thus not reaching out to as wide an audience as more successful businesses. Another key factor is the salary and benefits that can be offered to potential employees, either showing competitive rates or lower rates, therefore reducing interest from potential employees. 2.3 Legal restrictions Laws also have influence on organisations’ approaches to attracting talent. For example The Agency Workers’ Regulations that came into force on 1st October 2011 (www.gov.uk/government/publications/agency-workers-regulations-2010-guidance-for-recruiters 07/10/2014). The regulations states that agency workers are entitle to the same working conditions as permanent staff after completing a 12 weeks period in a particular job. It is clear from the following quote that this has reduced agency staff recruitment substantially: â€Å"One-quarter of organisations report they reduced their use of agency worker in 2012 compared to 2011, rising to a third of large organisations† ( The 2013 Resourcing and talent planning survey report www.cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/survey-reports/resourcing-talent-planning-2013.aspx 07/10/2014) 2.4 Business Objectives The aims and suggested targets of businesses, has a direct influence on the amount of recruitment completed and in which manner. For example: if a business has agreed to take on a new contract, they will need to recruit swiftly and in high volume. However, if a recruiter aims to appoint a higher-managerial position within subsequent months they may need more specific and targeted recruitment to ensure the position is filled more effectively than simply swift, high-volume appointment. For the later it is more commonly seen to use a company’s career progression path( management succession planning ), recruiting or training from existing members of staff. This can have a positive impact on the company’s recruitment as a whole as it shows current and potential staff members that progression is available within the business. 3. Diverse Workforce 3.1 Increasing Productivity It is suggested that diversity in the workplace increases morale and thus employees work more efficiently and effectively. Rose Johnson of Demand Media goes on to say: â€Å"diversity within leadership in a firm allows managers to bring in new skills and methods for achieving unity within their teams.† (smallbusiness.chron.com/advantage-diverse-workforce-18780 07/10/2014) 3.2 Increasing Creativity Acas state: â€Å"having a diverse workforce†¦opens up a wealth of possibilities and helps to encourage and foster innovation.† (www.acas.org.uk/indesx.aspx?articleid=3725 07/10/14). People from different background, ethnic origin or age, will approach tasks in different manners, therefore gaining a wider range of outcomes to potential problems. 3.3 Positive Reputation The advantage of obtaining a diverse workforce is clear. â€Å"An organisation is well placed to understand the needs of a wide-range of customers, interacting with a larger client base.† (www.acas.org.uk/indesx.aspx?articleid=3725 07/10/14). This therefore means that companies with a diverse recruitment policy will be more likely to gain customers and be generally more successful in their market. Clearly a company who recruits diversely does not discriminate, which is another characteristic consumers, potential employees and recruiters will aim to be associated with. 4. Factors that affect recruitment and selection 4.1 Labour market Labour market is : ,,..the market in which employers look and compete for workers and in which workers look and compete for employment ..† (http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/labour-market 10/10/2014) tight/ loose 4.2 Legislations National min wage /eligibility to work in the UK/the Equality Act 2010 4.3 Business context

ANALYSIS THE ROLE OF HONDA AND HONDA KINETIC - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 16 Words: 4932 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Case study Did you like this example? 1. Globaliztion international trade theories Explain Globalization is the process of creating relationships, interactions and integrate among the economies, societies, cultures, people, companies, and government of the different countries, a process driven by international trade and investment support by information technology. This process is influence on environment, on cultures, on economic development, international trade and human well being in the around world. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "ANALYSIS THE ROLE OF HONDA AND HONDA KINETIC" essay for you Create order As result of the globalization changes came into effect in various aspects; Economic (international trades) Political Cultural Industrial Financial markets Heath sectors Information Language Competition Ecological changes According the above mentioned areas, the concept globalization is help to develop different areas. But, as a result of globalization negative effects are Influence on Economic liberation by different nations and unions. Brain drain Most of intelligent people move around the world without remaining mother countries. Such as Business managers, Doctors, Engineers and Scientist, etc. Common Disease Spreading the disease across the world than the past. Financial Crisis global financial crisis will make more impact on the different economies. Ex. Economic down turn in USA made huge impact on the all over the world. Increase income disparity among the different countries. and create multicultural impact Illicit trading and increased breaking international and country laws will. When it further analyzed globalization Famous writer Peter Dickens says about the globalization the following manner; A qualitatively different process in which there is a functional integration of internationally dispersed activities (Global Shift) The Global Shift book was explained two type of concept which is related in each other. Those are; Internationalization Globalization Further he explained following changes in his books Extension of production chains across national boundaries Pattern of foreign direct investment (FDI) The creation of supranational organizations Technology acting as engine of economic transformation The development of unit of enterprise through the spending of multinational enterprises. The impact of the particular industries on transferring cultures, lifestyles and personnel across national boundaries. Therefore we can be concluded; As a result of globa lization ,the governments and individuals in the industrialized nations increased growth potential capacity in globalize economy Government policies more focus towards to the economic development, stable of the economy ,increasing the employment, reduce social inequality, social fairness and promotion of small firms, increased harnessing of innovative technologies and attracting foreign investment Always make difference in incomes and living standards within the different nations. Practices and standardization of global governance more and more influenced on global businesses authorities. Different professional bodies influence on the different areas and bring more concepts widening scope the subject. Ex CIMA, AMA, CIM they changing their subjects to adapt globalization concept. Increased unemployment among the people the unskilled, poorly educated. Need more and more multi skilled people to manage the different haphazard and environmental changes effect on the bus iness. Effect of globalization is that creating an international trading opportunities as well as disadvantage for all the countries in the world. As result of dealing in international trade business, different theories and concept have been developed by different expertise. Among those most popular theories are; Mercantilism theory This theory mainly highlighted nations should have accumulated financial wealth in the form of gold, by encouraging export and discouraging imports. That is defined as mercantilism. Mercantilism theory is portrait other measures of the countries in relation to international trade. The following criteria considered as irrelevant to determine trading capacity of the nations or country. Well being, living standard and human development. This theory was applied by UK, Netherlands, and France during 1500 and 1700. Those countries practiced zero sum game (means that world wealth was limited and that countries only could increase their share at expenses of neighbors). In mercantilism countries economic development was prevented because of stopped import inside to country. Absolute advantage theory This theory was developed by Adam smith who highlighted that any country has an absolute advantage produces greater out put of good or service than other countries using the same amount of resources. Further Adam Smith is highlighted there should not be international trade restrictions such as quotas and tariff to prevent the international trade and it is essential flow goods and services according market forces. Absolute advantage theory contradicts against to mercantilism theory. Problem with this theory is that if there is not any absolute advantage with a country, international trade might be happen. Comparative advantage This theory was introduced by David Recardo in 1817.This is an ideal concept that is can apply for international trade and to develop international trade policies. Therefore this very important theory if any nations entering into the international trade. Here main principles that highlighted in comparative advantage are country should specialized in producing and exporting the products in which is has comparative or relative cost advantage compared with other countries and should import those goods in which is it has comparative disadvantage. Out of such specialization country could gain the greater benefit by applying that. Here mainly take into considered opportunity cost and specialization (maximum out put with limited resource). For instance Japan is highly specialized in producing car because of they are very good technology, required resources. But the Japan could not have capacity to produce TEA, there not specialized in that sector. On the other hand Sri Lanka is not having capacity to produce cars but they can produce TEA, they specialized in that area. Therefore we can see that, both country is specialized two different sectors by using those core competencies better this exp ort those products based on that specialization. Product life cycle theory 1960 Raymond Vernon developed this theory called international product life cycle theory. Under this is stressed that, a company will begin to export its products and take foreign direct investment as the products move through its life cycle. As an example in the mother country product is in the decline therefore, they could not generate sales and profit as earlier. At that time they are looking for another market to introduce that product to sustain in that business. That market is most probably international market. Porter diamond theory This is introduced by Michel Porter and He highlighted that competitive advantage in the aspect of clusters of industry based where the competitiveness of one company is related to the performance of the companies and other factors such as valued additions in value chain, customer relationship. To get finalized this used coulters of successful industries in 10 impor tant trading nations. Here porter shows that six broad factors incorporated with this theory. Those are; Considering areas Comment Factor conditions Human resources, physical resources, knowledge resources, capital resources and infrastructure. Specialized resources are often specific for an industry and important for its competitiveness. Those specific resources can be created to compensate for factor disadvantage. Diamond conditions in the domestic market can help create a competitive advantage, when there is sophisticated home market buyers pressure firms to innovate faster and encouraging create more advanced products that those of competitors Related and supporting industries Under this factor related and supporting industries are producing inputs which are important for innovation and internationalization .These industries provide cost effective inputs as well as participate upgrading process which they are using in currently. Thus stimulating other companies in the chain to innovate. Firms strategy, structure and rivalry Firms strategy, structure and rivalry constitutes fourth determinant of competitiveness. The ways, in which companies are generated or created, set goals and monitoring is important for the success. But the intensity of rivalry creating pressure and innovations to face competition. Government can influence Government can influence or support each of the four determinants of competitiveness. In clearly government can influence supply condition of key production factors, demand conditions in the market and competition between firms. As well as government can intervention at local, regional, national or supranational. Chance Events that are occur in the outside of control of a firm. They are important because they are creating discontinuities in which some gain competitive positions and some lose. This theory is plays an important role in the analysis of modern international trade in terms of nations competitiveness. Here the major examples are Coca cola, Standard chartered, Uniliver and Nestles few of companies which are showing nations competitive advantage. 1.2. Benefit and challenges of globalization As a result of globalization the following major benefits are gained by Honda; Entering into new markets As result of globalization different economies are open to the other countries products. That leads entering into new market. Increasing their sales another benefit that is can gain help to increase their sale. Thats leading to increase the profitability of the business. Tax benefit some of the countries are giving tax free benefits, tax holidays, and tax exemptions to promote foreign direct investment. That is helping to increase the company stake and profitability of the country. Opportunity to gain cost advantage In the country like India and china, labor cost is very law. As result of that cost of production can minimize and help to increase profitability also. Help to develop strategic alliances such as joint ventures, mergers, acquisitions, takeovers and tide up agreement, management contract, joint promotion and mega marketing campaign. Which are helpi ng to increase the brand awareness and brand visibility of the in that particular country or region. The following challenges will face by Honda in the global economy Overriding agreement in this case Honda company play dominating role, they have override firodias agreement when entering into Indian market. As a result of that emerged conflict between two parties and both parties suffer due to that agreement. Effect of different risk. The following major risk can be identified via that; Cultural risk Once reach global market is approached will face different cultural barriers. As an example of in India is different cultures and different languages within the countries, as well as way of thinking and attitude is totally different compare to other countries therefore Effect of changes in exchange rate This very crucial factor is in the international business. Effect of exchange rate is directly affected on the profitability of the company as well as creating loss on company. Because of money appreciation and depreciation derived by economic activities like import and export. Threat from natural environmental risk Some of natural environment effects are making huge impact business. Cyclones, heavy raining, flood, snow are directly affected on plant operations and product distribution. Not only that, it is created huge losses on any company. For instance flood and cyclones are making heavy effect on the business operations. Even those cases cannot insure to manage that risk. Changes in Interest rate risk Interest rate makes huge impact on cost borrowings. This is directly affected on financial cost of business and profitability. As well as, it will make impact on the cost of material and components ultimately that will leads to reduce the profitability and raise the price of the product. Labour turnover rate Highly trained or experience staff might acquired by competitors by giving high salaries as well attractive benefit. This issue directly affect on plant operations, raising new staff training and development. Trade secret and leakage of information There risk to leak trade secrets and top importance information (financial and non financial) which are directly influence on decision making and operational activities of business. Such information leakages strengthen competitors. It is very good opportunity for them attack on weaker areas. Some situations if the Inland Revenue get to know about that information, tax issues will are begun. Threats from competitors If competitions is goes up that effect on the company market share and profitability of the company. Behaviour of Employees Negligence, Omissions, fraud, judgmental errors, less knowledge of operations and decisions making might create high risky situations where create huge loses, impact on reputations and loosing the customers. 1.3. Assessing theoretical frame work for international of international trade and globalization in terms of a supporting organizational structure may Honda employing Most suitable theoretical framework work for Honda is application of the porter diamond theory. In case highlighted Considering areas Analysis Factor conditions Human resources, physical resources, knowledge resources, capital resources and infrastructure are having honda in their business Ex. Technical Know how and brand resources. Diamond conditions Sophisticated home market buyers pressure firms to innovate faster and encouraging create more advanced products that those of competitors. Ex Toyota and Nissan bigger competitors which they influence on the buyers behaviors. Related and supporting industries Provide cost effective inputs Ex. low cost metals supplied by suppliers to produce bike and cars. Firms strategy, structure and rivalry Intensity of rivalry creating pressure and innovations to face competition. Ex. Firoid company applies different marketing strategies to protect their home market and increase the sales. Ex Dealer awareness program and door to door campaign. Government can influence Government intervention has significantly involved protecting Firoid company when changes happen in the agreement. Chance Events that are occur in the outside of control of a firm. They are important because they are creating discontinuities in which some gain competitive positions and some lose. 2. Analyzing the Honda internal and external environment and make recommendation to achieve the organizational goals PESTEEL Factors Comment Political environment This would be totally change; No of political parties and their leaders philosophy towards economic development. How extent interfere the international problems. Ex.USA involvement very high as world powerful country. Not only that government grants, capital allowance, tax releases can be done by government base on the level of indutry. Political risk analysis Changes political environment is directly affect on the key strategic decision of the business. Role of the government and supporting for the business is depending on economic policy and foreign trade policy and relationship with the external countries. Under this are need to carry out the following analysis .Each country where Honda is operating need to analyze political risk and government changes, support and contribution auto making industry. Here this analysis help the following areas; Nationalization once political party has changed, they might be look their local products as well as more close and frie ndly countries investment and their business keep up their relationships. Taxation policy Every budgeting reporting period tax such as corporate tax, VAT capital allowances, etc. Economic environment It is describing economic style of the country, market free, or closes economy and mixed economy. On the basis of those economic the following areas will be changes. International trade policy Contribution of different section for GDP and GNP. Banking Finance market. (Exchange rate) Business cycles Need to look, whether there is economic depression or boom to decrease or expand production of the companies. Regulation on tax and layers of tax. Inflation in the economy ex. developing countries is having unpredictable inflation rate. Interest rate and foreign exchange totally changed automobiles cost of production and prices Consumer behavioral difference (such as decision making, response on promotion and advertising) Demand pattern is totally depending on the disposable income of the peoples for automobile sector. Market size growth (Country like India size and growth is very high for auto mobiles, specially for bike in low income segment ) Social environment Peoples diversity would be totally different according to the following factors Education (Highly developed countries peoples education makes difference among the people than developing courtiers. Language Culture norms experiences Motivation Risk taking attitude Technological environment Technological environment has made huge effect on auto mobiles industry. That has produced several advance featuring vehicles such as hybrid vehicles, solar power using vehicles, High security system integrated vehicles, automatically driven vehicles, new piston and engines are producing all the industry players to face competition. As well as technological environment creating new distribution channels such as make an online ordering for car, new technological application for motor vehicle assembling or develops user friendly features. Ecological environment Auto mobile business is making huge impact on physical environment; those are Air pollution Carbon emissions, Gas emissions and the other harmful air is released when driving auto mobile. Therefore to reduce those types of effects, some countries have applied different tax. Sound pollution This is another effects that happening in that environment. In the developing countries and developed countries millions of vehicles are pressing horn butut. That is creating huge sound effect during the traffic jam. Now trend is producing eco friendly bikes. As a result of those changes that is emerging sound of environment protection organizations. s well as they try to take legal action against company to protect environment. Legal environment Tax regulations Any economy is having different taxes for their development. Such as Income taxes Corporate taxes Social protection taxes Port Airport levy Corporate law These might be totally changed at the above mentioned levels. effected for companies Public law Public laws are also making difference at the above levels. Ex. Consumer protections rules and regulations, sales of goods and service, insurance law are highly creating impact on the automobile industry. Customs regulation Same as the above. Different nationals, as well as EU also and Globally custom rules and regulation are totally different Employee laws It is totally difference country to country and EU level as well as global level. Shipping rules regulations The following regulations apply for seaport security. Port Layout and design Passenger separation Staff background checking Staff screening Theses practice cannot be seen at all the international ship orts. Supply chains regulations Global level much more concern about those regulations; Distribution of goods Secure warehousing of goods From the warehouse and airside retail store. Staff security and stock control Description of diversity Strategic Implication Diversity of the market, brands and competitors Develop marketing intelligence system Analyze regular changes in the market and brand , market players Develop the firms strategies to reinforce the market share to beat companies by using marketing mix (7ps) Economic environment changes Scanning economic environment. Developing EIS (economic information system) Predicting changes in the economic environment. Listing to and hear expert opinions regarding future economic diversification. Social environment changes Analyzing the different countries Education, Language, Culture, education, experiences, Motivation towards to works, risk taking attitudes towards works. Review HR policies based on those regional differences. Implement develop strategies and review the strategies to evaluate whether it best fit with that region peoples diversification. Political environment changes Analyzing the different countries political parties and their policie s towards economic, business, education, health, legislation, etc. Analyze who and which parties will come to power. Develop strategy based that changes Additional areas need to be analyzes by the Kinetic Honda Company financial position This can analyze via balance sheet. by looking at financial position of the company can be determined level of short term and long term liquidity, gearing level, efficiency of capital employed, etc. This is very important for the company in terms of marinating stability. Industry cost structure Industry cost structure is help to determine the cost of the production, pricing policy, marketing investment and new product developments. Not only FIRODIAShas to identify future emerging cost and their adverse effects to develop cost minimizing strategies, while maintaining substantial level profit. Contributors of Company capital and return One of the most important sides is capital structure that drives dividend policy, profit retention rate and new expansion, power of creditors in businesses, level of capital investment in business. Owners of capital expecting substantial return on the business as well company expect to expand business future; these two objectives are clashing each other. This must be care fully analyzed to minimize interest gaps. Competitors activities This also making huge impact on the FIRODIASbusiness, if the competitors carry out mega promotion or produce fuel efficient and sophisticated featured car make huge impact competing segment. Competitors tried create barriers to prevent new market opportunities by using merging and takeover strategies. On the other hand they try to attack existing distribution channels by using different strategies. Cost of capital Return On Investment To create sustainable business growth and substantial return to investors as well company itself need to analyse cost of capital As well as firms can apply tools of five forces analysis to get analysed firms strength and weakness. Those 5 forces are; Analysis of the five forces effect on FIRODIAS Threat of new entrants new entrants determinant factors are; Economic of scale Car industry is having high fixed cost to recover need do high sales volume which means high BEP. FIRODIAS is a one of big player market where they can gain high economies of scale comparing other players. Those main reasons are; Technology that they using Level of market segment Business experience Distribution channel efficiency Productivity of labor New entrants cant afford the high fixed cost at the initial stage therefore very limited chance to enter into car market. Wider range of brands Different market segment covered by FIRODIAS by offering different brand, Which is creating entry barriers to another player. Only that they can gain niche market opportunities. Channel Converge FIRODIAS has already developed their distribution channel and having wider market coverage .In this situation also very low chance to take dealer choice for new players. To get their attention need to pay premium for distributors. High level of Capital investment Auto making industry major key driving factor is how much of amount is going to invest for this business. Especially, continuous R D need to keep customers with the business. If the existing player already acquired high volume of sales, very low potential to recover amount of capital invested in business via sales. Bargaining power of suppliers FIRODIAS is large auto maker of the industry; therefore FIRODIAS buy high volume of inputs (metals, irons, plastics, tires, electrics components) from suppliers. In this situation there is no high bargaining power for suppliers. Because of supplier sales and profitability might depending on this level sales.. Threat of substitute Major substitutes are; Cars Jeep Van Cab This is also making effect on GMs existing market. To minimize this threat FIRODIAS needs to go for that market segment. Bargaining power of customers Having Low have bargaining power of customers due to following reasons FIRODIAS has offered different variety of product range for the customer many choices. Different price level Prices are somewhat high other players compare to GM Product quality and safety is most important factor for car users FIRODIASis in the strong position The above reason create l very low potential to barraging for customer in existing car market. Rivalry amongst current competitors in the industry Rivalry amongst current competitors are Toyota, Honda, Benz, in the industry is determining factors are Cost structure market growth rate Production capacity Business environment uncertainties and exit barriers As per above mentioned factors FIRODIAS is in well secured position at the end of stage. This due to their major market driven campaign. 3. Analyzing soft and hard systems methodology Soft component In the soft component is considered as people and companies relationships. Such as culture, value, belief among the people. That is directly affected on to move forward company as whole or move backward. Hard component Hard component of the Company can be considered as method, production, process, 4. Analyzing and assessing the success of Honda business strategies Honda business strategy was to approach the Indian market by using the stake of Firodia Company.But that strategic alliances and joint agreements that they have developed was already failed, due to failure of the Firodia and their performance was not expected level therefore in that aspect they were failed. But ultimately Honda won the mortor cycle segment. 5 6. Discuss principle of corporate governance and ethics and assessing impact of corporate governance on Honda. The principles of corporate governance mainly concern was due financial crisis in the world and in the region. Poor corporate governance is turned business formidable and high risk level. As well as it is creating an effect on the whole economy of country. As an example, in USA Enron and worldcoms are the collapsed businesses due to poor corporate governance. Therefore principles of corporate governance is creating good environment for the companies to run the business very smoothly. The following major principle are apply for the corporate governance Principle 1: Performance Orientation This principle is highlighted that, objectives of any business emprise is to enhance economic value for all the share holders by using resources efficiently and effectively. A company that meets this shareholder value creation objective will have greater internally generated resources, improve forecasting environment, community and social obligations such pay taxes on time, reward, train and retain key staff as well as enhancing employee satisfaction. A key focus is is human capital strategy that is lead corporate success. Principle 2: Nomination and Compensation Committees A key success factor is the quality of leadership of an enterprise. A nomination committee with a written mandate and terms of reference consistent with good practice may ensure the selection of directors and a chief executive officer (CEO) of the highest caliber. Comprising mainly of independent directors, the committee should have a written definition of independence, inclusive of both subjective and objective criteria. A compensation committee should set the compensation policy for directors and senior management, commensurate with performance measured against comparable industry benchmarks and key performance Indicators such as economic value added. Principle 3: Disclosure To ensure transparency, companies annual reports should disclose true and fair accounting information prepared in accordance with applicable standards; consider substance over form in the presentation of accounts; disclose and discuss all material risks; disclose and explain the rationale for all material estimates; show manner of compliance, or explain deviations, if any, with applicable corporate governance codes; discuss goals, plans, and progress; and provide access to the register of shareholders showing beneficial ownership. In addition to annual disclosures, enterprises should comply with applicable continuous disclosure requirements. Disclosures should be timely and adequate to enable investors, third party analysts, or rating agencies to assess the quality of corporate governance and the true financial condition of the enterprise. Principle 4: Audit Committee 14. Audit committees with the following attributes are more effective: composed solely of independent directors, at least two of whom should have the requisite knowledge of accountancy, financial analysis, and financial reporting; at least one member should have a good understanding of the business of the enterprise; have a written mandate and terms of reference; engage only independent external auditors who should be answerable to the committee; and require that a suitable system of internal control and risk management is embedded into the fabric of the company; and focus on the substance of underlying transactions. Principle 5: Code of Conduct All enterprises must have a written code of business conduct and establish systems to ensure That it and all applicable laws are followed in letter and spirit. Principle 6: Conflicts of Interest Directors owe a fiduciary duty to the company that requires them to act in the best interest of the company. Actual and potential conflicts of interest should be identified, disclosed, and explained in sufficient detail to enable valid judgments to be made on their adverse impact. The persons who are conflicted should not participate in discussion and decision of the issue in question, nor be entitled to vote on any resolution where they are conflicted. Related party contracts should be disclosed in the annual report. Principle 7: Environmental and Social Commitment There is an inextricable relationship among the objectives of corporate performance, social development, and environmental protection. Enterprises, to be sustainable, will need to recognize and effectively deal with this triad of concerns, which, at times, may conflict with each other. Principle 8: Conduct of the Board of Directors Directors are expected to preserve and enhance shareholder value. Their effectiveness can be enhanced if they are legally empowered, have the requisite qualifications for the board committees on which they sit, make the needed time commitment, given the appropriate directorship training, are suitably compensated, receive proper notice of meetings, have the right to propose agenda items, consult each other privately in the absence of management and executive directors, and provided with appropriate information to enable them to perform their monitoring role and evaluate the performance of directors. They should be proactive and diligent. Principle 9: Responsibilities of Investors The pursuit of good corporate governance in investee enterprises is a risk management tool. Institutional investors, general partners, and fund managers have a fiduciary duty to actively monitor and vote on issues vital to the success of enterprises in which they invest as guardians of the savings entrusted to them. Enterprises will find it helpful to communicate with them, deliver in a timely manner true and fair disclosure reports, and remove impediments from voting by all shareholders by taking advantage of modern communications and follow a one-vote for one-share policy. The fair treatment of minority shareholders must be ensured and large institutional investors should lead the pursuit of shareholder rights Principle 10: The Role of Directors in Turnaround Situations Directors of troubled companies must play a proactive role in turnaround situations, but avoid preferential treatment of creditors, or trade when the company is insolvent. Recommendation Honda must follow the principle 9 responsible for the investors. Because of they have broken that principle. Honda had broken down principle of 6 (Conflicts of Interest).therefore they must follow that principles also As a ultimate conclusion Honda must follow the all corporate governance principles 7. Analyzing the implementation of organizational goals Working forces planning 50 teams has sent shop to shop and door to door Incorporating benchmark Kinetic has changed their credit policy Quality systems Improve mileage of scooters Budgeting mechanisms KEL increased their sales by 20% Marketing system Kinetic used agents to reach semi urban and rural areas. Ex reached Ghandinagar and Anhamdatbadh. Customer satisfaction camp. Brand promotional campaign arranged by Kinetic